Bring a medium pot of water to a boil, then add the shrimp and salt. Cook until light pink and firm, about 1 to 2 minutes, then drain.
In a large bowl, stir together the cooked shrimp, cabbage, cilantro, garlic, and red onion. Whisk together the mayonnaise, lime juice, red wine vinegar, smoked paprika, chipotle chile powder, and cumin, then stir the dressing into the cabbage until everything is well combined. Adjust seasonings and add salt to taste.